Apache Doris connector

Write rows to Apache Doris tables via stream load with automatic upserts and deletions, HNSW/IVF vector indexes, and inverted indexes for full-text search — with optional schema enforcement.

Version: v 1.0.0-alpha48
Last reviewed: Apr 19, 2026

The doris connector provides utilities for writing rows to Apache Doris databases, with support for vector indexes (HNSW, IVF) and inverted indexes for full-text search.

python

from cocoindex.connectors import doris

Dependencies

This connector requires additional dependencies. Install with:

bash

pip install cocoindex[doris]

Connection setup

DorisConnectionConfig

Configure the connection to your Doris cluster:

python

from cocoindex.connectors import doris

config = doris.DorisConnectionConfig(
    fe_host="localhost",
    database="my_database",
    fe_http_port=8080,
    query_port=9030,
    username="root",
    password="",
)

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
`fe_host`	`str`	(required)	Frontend host address
`database`	`str`	(required)	Database name
`fe_http_port`	`int`	`8080`	Frontend HTTP port (for stream load)
`query_port`	`int`	`9030`	MySQL-compatible query port
`username`	`str`	`"root"`	Username
`password`	`str`	`""`	Password
`enable_https`	`bool`	`False`	Use HTTPS for stream load
`be_load_host`	`str \| None`	`None`	Override backend host for stream load (defaults to `fe_host`)
`batch_size`	`int`	`10000`	Max rows per stream load batch
`stream_load_timeout`	`int`	`600`	Timeout (seconds) for stream load
`replication_num`	`int`	`1`	Replication factor for new tables
`buckets`	`int \| str`	`"auto"`	Bucket count for new tables

connect

Create a managed connection:

python

def connect(config: DorisConnectionConfig) -> ManagedConnection

Example:

python

conn = doris.connect(doris.DorisConnectionConfig(
    fe_host="localhost",
    database="my_database",
))

As target

The doris connector provides target state APIs for writing rows to tables. CocoIndex tracks what rows should exist and automatically handles upserts and deletions via Doris stream load.

Declaring target states

Setting up a connection

Create a ContextKey[doris.ManagedConnection] to identify your connection, then provide it in your lifespan:

Note

The key name is load-bearing across runs — it’s the stable identity CocoIndex uses to track managed rows. See ContextKey as stable identity before renaming.

python

import cocoindex as coco
from cocoindex.connectors import doris

DORIS_DB = coco.ContextKey[doris.ManagedConnection]("my_doris")

@coco.lifespan
def coco_lifespan(builder: coco.EnvironmentBuilder) -> Iterator[None]:
    conn = doris.connect(doris.DorisConnectionConfig(
        fe_host="localhost",
        database="my_database",
    ))
    builder.provide(DORIS_DB, conn)
    yield
    # conn is cleaned up after yield

Tables (parent state)

Declares a table as a target state. Returns a DorisTableTarget for declaring rows.

python

def declare_table_target(
    db: ContextKey[ManagedConnection],
    table_name: str,
    table_schema: TableSchema[RowT],
    *,
    managed_by: Literal["system", "user"] = "system",
    vector_indexes: list[VectorIndexDef] | None = None,
    inverted_indexes: list[InvertedIndexDef] | None = None,
) -> DorisTableTarget[RowT, coco.PendingS]

Parameters:

db — A ContextKey[doris.ManagedConnection] identifying the connection to use.
table_name — Name of the table.
table_schema — Schema definition including columns and primary key (see Table schema).
managed_by — Whether CocoIndex manages the table lifecycle ("system") or assumes it exists ("user").
vector_indexes — Optional list of vector index definitions (see Vector indexes).
inverted_indexes — Optional list of inverted index definitions (see Inverted indexes).

Returns: A pending DorisTableTarget. Use the convenience wrapper await doris.mount_table_target(...) to resolve.

Rows (child states)

Once a DorisTableTarget is resolved, declare rows to be upserted:

python

def DorisTableTarget.declare_row(
    self,
    *,
    row: RowT,
) -> None

Parameters:

row — A row object (dict, dataclass, NamedTuple, or Pydantic model). Must include all primary key columns.

Table schema: from Python class

Define the table structure using a Python class:

python

@classmethod
async def TableSchema.from_class(
    cls,
    record_type: type[RowT],
    primary_key: list[str],
    *,
    column_overrides: dict[str, DorisType | VectorSchemaProvider] | None = None,
) -> TableSchema[RowT]

Parameters:

record_type — A record type whose fields define table columns.
primary_key — List of column names forming the primary key.
column_overrides — Optional per-column overrides for type mapping or vector configuration.

Example:

python

@dataclass
class DocEmbedding:
    id: int
    text: str
    embedding: Annotated[NDArray, embedder]

schema = await doris.TableSchema.from_class(
    DocEmbedding,
    primary_key=["id"],
)

Python types are automatically mapped to Doris types:

Python Type	Doris Type
`bool`	`BOOLEAN`
`int`	`BIGINT`
`float`	`DOUBLE`
`str`	`STRING`
`bytes`	`STRING` (base64)
`uuid.UUID`	`VARCHAR(36)`
`datetime.datetime`	`DATETIME`
`datetime.date`	`DATE`
`list`, `dict`, nested structs	`JSON`
`NDArray` (with vector schema)	`ARRAY<FLOAT>`

DorisType

Use DorisType to specify a custom Doris type:

python

from typing import Annotated
from cocoindex.connectors.doris import DorisType

@dataclass
class MyRow:
    id: Annotated[int, DorisType("INT")]
    value: Annotated[float, DorisType("FLOAT")]

Vector indexes

Doris supports vector similarity search via HNSW and IVF indexes. Define them with VectorIndexDef:

python

from cocoindex.connectors.doris import VectorIndexDef

vector_idx = VectorIndexDef(
    field_name="embedding",
    index_type="HNSW",       # or "IVF"
    metric_type="l2_distance",  # or "cosine_distance"
)

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
`field_name`	`str`	(required)	Column to index
`index_type`	`str`	`"HNSW"`	Index type: `"HNSW"` or `"IVF"`
`metric_type`	`str`	`"l2_distance"`	Distance metric: `"l2_distance"` or `"cosine_distance"`
`max_degree`	`int \| None`	`None`	HNSW max degree
`ef_construction`	`int \| None`	`None`	HNSW construction parameter
`nlist`	`int \| None`	`None`	IVF number of partitions

Inverted indexes

Doris supports inverted indexes for full-text search. Define them with InvertedIndexDef:

python

from cocoindex.connectors.doris import InvertedIndexDef

inverted_idx = InvertedIndexDef(
    field_name="text",
    parser="unicode",  # or "english", "chinese", etc.
)

Parameters:

field_name — Column to index.
parser — Optional tokenizer for full-text search (e.g., "unicode", "english", "chinese"). If None, the index supports exact matching only.

Query helpers

build_vector_search_query

Build a vector similarity search SQL query:

python

def build_vector_search_query(
    table: str,
    vector_field: str,
    query_vector: list[float],
    metric: str = "l2_distance",
    limit: int = 10,
    select_columns: list[str] | None = None,
    where_clause: str | None = None,
) -> str

Example:

python

sql = doris.build_vector_search_query(
    table="doc_embeddings",
    vector_field="embedding",
    query_vector=query_vec.tolist(),
    metric="cosine_distance",
    limit=5,
)

connect_async

Create an async MySQL connection for running queries:

python

async def connect_async(
    fe_host: str,
    query_port: int = 9030,
    username: str = "root",
    password: str = "",
    database: str | None = None,
) -> Any  # aiomysql connection

Example

python

from typing import Annotated, Iterator
from dataclasses import dataclass

from numpy.typing import NDArray

import cocoindex as coco
from cocoindex.connectors import doris
from cocoindex.ops.sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformerEmbedder

DORIS_DB = coco.ContextKey[doris.ManagedConnection]("my_doris")

embedder = SentenceTransformerEmbedder("sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2")

@dataclass
class DocEmbedding:
    id: int
    text: str
    embedding: Annotated[NDArray, embedder]

@coco.lifespan
def coco_lifespan(builder: coco.EnvironmentBuilder) -> Iterator[None]:
    conn = doris.connect(doris.DorisConnectionConfig(
        fe_host="localhost",
        database="my_database",
    ))
    builder.provide(DORIS_DB, conn)
    yield

@coco.fn
async def app_main() -> None:
    table = await doris.mount_table_target(
        DORIS_DB,
        "doc_embeddings",
        await doris.TableSchema.from_class(
            DocEmbedding,
            primary_key=["id"],
        ),
        vector_indexes=[
            doris.VectorIndexDef(
                field_name="embedding",
                index_type="HNSW",
                metric_type="cosine_distance",
            ),
        ],
    )

    # Declare rows
    for doc in documents:
        table.declare_row(row=doc)